Windmill



(No Model.)

"E. B. SBLLARD.

` WIND'MILL.

No. 413,567. Patented 00u22, 1889.,N

N. PETERS. Plwlvllmograpben Wanhingion. D. C

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

EDMoND B. sELLARD, oE oeDEN, IowA.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,567, dated October 22, 1889.

Application tiled February 25, 1889. Serial No. 301,089. (No model.) i

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMOND B. SELLARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ogden, in the county of Boone and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. y

My invention relates t0 wind-wheels provided with pivoted automatically-feathering blades controlled by a speed-regulating vane; and it consists in certain combinations, constructions, and arrangements of parts where' by a uniform speed can be maintained under varying pressures of the wind and according to varying resistances offered by the work being done.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a rear view of a wind-wheel embodying my invention.v Fig. 2 is a broken side view of the same, thegreater portion being in elevation, while the hub of the wheel and the sliding speed-regulating collar operated by the controlling-vane are shown in section. Fig. 3 is a detail top view of the said sliding collar and the connections between it and the controlliing-vane.` Fig. 4 is a detail plan view, partly in section and partly in elevation, representing two extreme positions of the said sliding collar andmcorresponding positions of one of the hinged feathering-blades connected therewith, one position being in full lines and the other in dotted lines.

The letter A in the drawings represents the standard upon which the wind-wheel is supported'. To the upper portion of the said standard a tubular bearing B is firmly attached, and therein a tubular shank c of a frame C fitted, the frame itself resting and revolving upon a shoulder c of the bearing B, as shown. Above the shoulder c the frame C constitutes a long narrow platform c?, in one of the end portions of which is provided an ordinary steering-vane D, partly shown in Fig. 2, while at the other end portion and near the center bearings for the wind-wheel and gear-shaft and the shaft of the contro1ling vane and other parts and connections are applied, as presently described.

The wind-wheel E is mounted upon the front end of the maiu'shaft F, and it comprises a hub e, sustaining circle-plate f8, both preferably of cast metal, and a number of radial arms immovablyfastened to said hub and bound with a tie-rod f", and on whichare applied undivided feathering-blades e2, said blades being fastened centrally to longitudinal arms, bars, or rods e3, which are arranged alongside the arms, bars, or rods e and connected thereto by hinges e4, so that the outer and inner surfaces of both sets of arms, bars, or rods are flush with one another, and that the blades always present a fiat surface to `the wind and lie in their normal position flat upon the bars or arms e', as shown in Fig. 4. The rods or bars e3 and arms e are so arranged' that when they are in contact, as shown in full lines in Fig. 4, the blades e2 stand at an angle of forty-five degrees to the Vaxis of the shaft F, and in this position they are held by means oftorsional springs e5, having one end attached to thebar e3 and the other to the arm e', and while held in this position they, as is well known, produce the l greatest effect for operating machinery connected with the wind-wheel.

When less than the normal or greatest amount of power which the 'wind-wheel isy capable of furnishing is desired, the angle of the feathering-blades requires to be changed orV decreased; and to do this I have provided arms e6, attached to the bars 'e3 and standing at an angle to said bars. The end portions of said arms e are slotted, as shown at e7, and

connected to and operated by radial rodsg of a sliding regulating-hub g', loosely `fitted upon the shaft F.` This hub g', with the arms g,`is intended to constitute a part of an automatic regulating device G, which isoperated by the pressure of the wind upon a pressurevane g2, facing the wind, and resisting its pressure by means of the united force of the springs e5, and also of a hand mechanism for con trolling the power, as will now be described. The vane g2 is fastened to bracket-bar g3, having a vertical perforated extension-arm g, through which a horizontal shaft g4, running transversely to the shaft F, is passed, said shaft g4 being supported in a suitable bearthe shaft g4 another arm g is rigidly fastened,`

and vbetween the arms g6 a swinging transverse bar Q7 is fitted, and to the same two connecting-rods g8 are attached, said rods being connected to a sliding collar-like plate gg, which encircles the shaft F and bears against the sliding regulating-hub g. When the pressure of the wind upon the vane .g2 increases, the vane is moved upward and caused to move the collar gg, and with it the hub g', in t-he direction of the arrow l, whereby the angle of the slotted arms e6 and the featheringblades e2 is changed, the latter presenting a smaller surface area to the wind, and thus maintaining the normal speed of rotation. A decrease in the wind-pressure will allow the springs e to push the hub g and collar c Yg9 so as to change the position of the pressurevane into that of more direct exposure to the wind, this operation being aided by the gravity of the vane g2. The bar 915, which is attached to the bracket-bar g3 of the vane g2, is provided with a longitudinal guide-rod g10 and a sliding weight g, with a set-screw Q12, or other means of adjustment, whereby the position of said weight may be changed upon said rod, thus rendering the resistance of the vane g2 against the wind variable, or providing for changing its resistance so that the effectiveness or workingpower of the windwheel may be regulated according to the requirements of the machinery to be operated thereby. The same object may be more conveniently attained by omitting the set-screw Q12 and attaching the weight g11 to a cord which passes up along the arm g8, and thence down through the tubular bearing B into the mill below, from whence it may be operated by hand, so as to cause the-weight g to rise or descend, in either of which positions it may be sustained by fastening a cord around a pin.

In order to prevent twisting or forcing the wind-wheel out of the wind line or course, by reason of the resistance of the mill-gearing driven by the wind-wheel, I place the pressurevane g2 on that side of the frame where the pressure of the wind will have a tendency to cause the said vane to oppose or counteract said twisting force and hold the wind-wheel to the wind under all circumstances. The greater the twisting the farther away from the tubular bearing the vane should be arranged in order to increase its leverage and thus increase its counteracting force.

The wind-wheel shaft F is suitably hung in bearings ff', preferably made of hard wood to prevent undue friction and to save lubricants, and it is held longitudinally between saidbcarings by two inner collars f2 f5. At its rear end this shaft F is provided with a conical gear-wheel f4, which gears into another gear-wheel f5, hung in the tubular bearing C and provided with a tubular shaft f6, which is extended in practice to the mill below, Aand there, by means of other ordinary gearing, keeps the machinery in motion. Through the tubular shaft ff a rod (or rods) f7 is passed, which is attached to a quadrant 913 on the shaftg4, and thus enables the mill-operator either to assist the regulating or pressure vane g2` in decreasing the power of the wind-wheel or to stop the wind-wheel altogether, which latter is accomplished by'pulling the said rod f7 until theV vanes e2 are turned in line with the wind, as illustrated,

by dotted lines in Fig. 4;. The arms e being stiffened and stayed by the circle-plate f8, arranged concentric with the hub c, and their ends united by means of the rod fg, forming a tire around said arms, the Wind-wheel is Yrendered very strong and its arms are held solidly in their positions around the hub e.

I am aware that the blades of wind-wheels haveibeen made in two parts and that the adj ustable part has been hinged to an arm carrying the part which is not adjustable; but this differs from an undivided blade, which is attached centrally to an arm hinged on one` side of a fixed radial arm of the hub of the wheel and the blade extending some distance over said arm and over its hinged arm and the whole surface of the blade always presenting a flat surface to the wind, whatever may be the angle at which the blade stands.

I am also aware that a spiral spring has been employed for allowing the adjustable part of a divided blade to be turned on its hinges and for holding the adjustable part in its normal position under ordinary forces of wind; also, that wind-blades not divided and which are attached to pivotal arms of the hub have been regulated both automatically and by hand in the same structure.

I am also aware of a regulating-vane having its arm swinging in a vertical plane with the arm of the steering-vane; but this differs from a vane arranged obliquely, as I have shown and described.

I am also aware that blades fixed upon radial arms or spokes of a hub have been IOO regulated by a vane and adjustable weights applied on an angular lever; but this differs from my construction.

Therefore I only claim as follows:

l. In a wind-wheel, in combination, a revolving non-slidingv hub c, having rigid radial arms e', feathering-blades e2, attached to arms e3 and set facewise against said arms e e3, with about one half of the width of said blades on one side and the other half on the other side of the longitudinal center of the arms e3, hinges e4, connecting said blades to the said arms, diagonal torsional springs e5, fastened by one of their ends to the arms e and by their other ends to the arms e3, angular arms e6, attached to the arms e3, and sliding hub g', having operating-rods g, whereby the whole surfaces of the blades are at all times presented to the wind and the angle of the set of the blades can be automatically changed or regulated, and when in their normal position the blades have a square support and bearing against both of the arms e e3, and when moved out of said position are still stayed by the arms IIO e3, and in theevent-of one of the, springs becoming broken the remaining ones remain operative, substantially as described.

2. In a Wind-Wheel, in combination, a hub e, having one set of rigid radial arms e', another set e3, hinged to the first set, so as to present with said arms e a broad even bearing-surface, a series of feathering-blades rigidly attached about centrally of their'width to the hinged set of arms, and diagonal torsional springs e5, attached by one of their ends to the arms c and by their other' ends to the arms (53m/hereby the blades are afforded a broad bearing-support from bot-h arms whenV in their normal position and are stayed by the arms eswhen they are moved out of theirnormal positions, and at the same time are free to change their angle when the VVforce of the Wind becomes too great, substantially as described.

3. In a Wind-Wheel, in combination, hub e, having rigid radial arms e, the undivided feathering-blades e2, fastened by hinges e4 and diagonal torsional springs e5 to arms e3 and having arms e6, the sliding hub Q', having radial rods Q, the sliding collar Q9, connectingrods Q8, arms Q6, bar Q", shaft Q4, arm Q3, set oblique with respect to the vertical plane of the shaft B, and steering-vane D and carrying-vane Q2, substantially as described.

4. The connecting-rods Q11, arms Q1 Q6, slid` ing collar Q9, swinging bar Q7, and vane Q2, having bar Q15, which is attached to bracketbar Q3, said vane being arranged obliquely on that side of theframe ofthe windmill Where the pressure of the wind has a tendency to Vcause said vane to oppose or counteract the twisting force caused by the resistance of the machinery driven by the wind-wheel, in combination with the vaneD and the Wind-Wheel E, having sails acted upon by collar Q9, substantially as described.

5.` The combination of the looped weightgu'ide Q11 and adjustable weight Q12, vane Q2, having bar Q15 and bracket-bar cs and arranged obliquely on that sideof the frame of the Windmill-where the pressure o f the windhas a tendency to cause said vane to oppose or counteract the twisting force caused by the In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' EDMOND B. SELLARD. Witnesses: f FRED W. GARDNER, CYRs WEAVER. 

